International Entry Options for Horizontal Growth - 964 Words

INTERNATIONAL ENTRY OPTIONS FOR HORIZONTAL GROWTH When a firm grows internationally it is positively associated with profitability of the firm. There are several options to choose from when entering a foreign market or establishing manufacturing facilities in another country; from simple exporting to acquisitions to management contracts. Some of the most popular options for international entry are as follows: * Exporting: Exporting is the shipping of goods produced in the company’s home country to other countries for marketing. This offers a good way to minimize risk and experiment with a specific product. Critical functions can either be handled by the company or be contracted to an export management company; it is the choice†¦show more content†¦Instead of turning the facility, which is usually a power plant or toll road over to the host country when completed, the company operates the facility for a fixed period of time during which it earns back its investment plus a profit. Then the facility is turned over to the government at little or no cost to the host country. * Management Contracts: These offer a means through which a corporation can use some of its personnel to assist a firm in a host country for a specified fee and period of time. Management contracts are common when a host government expropriates part or all of a foreign-owned company’s holdings in its country. The contracts allow the firm to continue to earn some income from its investment and until local management is trained, keep the operations going. CORPORATE PARENTING AND PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS Corporate Parenting views a corporation in terms of resources and capabilities that can be used to build business unit value as well as generate synergies across business units. It generates corporate strategy by focusing on the core competencies of the parent corporation and on the value created from the relationship between the parent and its businesses. Portfolio analysis examines the attractiveness of various industries and by managing business units for cash flow, that is, by using cash generated from mature units to build new product lines. They view matters financially, regarding business units and product lines asShow MoreRelatedElectrolux Case Study949 Words   |  4 Pageschanged over time? How have these changes affected its direct investment activities? Electrolux started pursuing international businesses in order to amortize costs and diminish cost of production per units. As a consequence, the company decided to pursue a strategy of horizontal integration through the acquisition of Arthur Martin, Therma, Tappan, Husqvarna. The idea behind the horizontal integration was to conquer new markets by already-established brands and create a global standard production inRead MoreElectrolux Case Study964 Words   |  4 Pageschanged over time? How have these changes affected its direct investment activities? Electrolux started pursuing international businesses in order to amortize costs and diminish cost of production per units. As a consequence, the company decided to pursue a strategy of horizontal integration through the acquisition of Arthur Martin, Therma, Tappan, Husqvarna. The idea behind the horizontal integration was to conquer new markets by already-established brands and create a global standard production inRead MoreRevlon Inc. Case Study1671 Words   |  7 PagesRevlon first offered stock to the public. At the end of the following year, Revlon was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Revlon laid the ground work for its highly successful international presence in the 60s, bringing the American Look to the rest of the world through advertising featuring U.S. models. Growth and innovation led the way for Revlon. In 1985, Revlon was sold to a subsidiary of MacAndrews Forbes Holdings. In 1987 Almay joined the Revlon lineup In the 1990s, Revlon revitalizedRead MoreEssay about Starbucks1330 Words   |  6 PagesStar Bucks Problem Statement Howard Shultz and the senior management at Starbucks have to decide how to react to the opportunities that are being made available because of their rapid growth. The decision for a strategic growth plan has to be made in the near future. This will prove to be key for Starbucks reaching their long-term goal of becoming the most recognized and respected brand of coffee in the world. Situation Analysis Starbucks is currently the industry leader in specialtyRead MoreBusiness Concepts, Theories And Strategies Used Internationally1910 Words   |  8 Pagesconcepts, theories and strategies used internationally. As a business management major and with an interest in minoring in international business, I took this class with an open mind and an intention to learn. Between learning about the global marketplace, different strategies, when to enter a foreign market and much more, I now have a better understanding of what International business actually means. Over the years the world has come to understand and witness the globalization of markets and productionRead MoreGrowth Strategy10537 Words   |  43 PagesUNIT 9 Objectives GROWTH STRATEGIES-I Growth Strategies-I The objectives of this unit are to: l l l acquaint you with the concept of corporate strategy; familiarize you with the various generic corporate strategies; explain the nature, scope and approaches to implementation of stability and growth strategies; and finally discuss the rationale for adopting these strategies. l Structure 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 Introduction Nature and Scope of Corporate StrategiesRead MoreChesapeake Energy Is The Second Largest Producer Of Natural Gas2324 Words   |  10 PagesExecutive summary Chesapeake Energy is the second largest producer of natural gas in United States. The company invented horizontal drilling and proved to be an expert of unconventional drilling. Having the drive and commitment to achieve great accomplishments Chesapeake managed to set operation efficiency standard in the industry with their core values of integrity, trust and transparency. Although having financial issues with acquiring more debt and less liquid capital, the company managed toRead MoreThe Market Structures Of The Village Of Forest Park, Illinois1273 Words   |  6 Pagesmany barriers to entry, competitive pressure and price elasticity that also impact the economic growth of the village. Other areas that affect the village’s economy include governmental roles and international trade. Two Characteristics of the Four Market Structures The major market structures that impact our current economy are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Perfect Competition includes many sellers, many buyers, homogenous product, free entry to/exit fromRead MoreThe Market Structures Of The Village Of Forest Park, Illinois1950 Words   |  8 Pagesmany barriers to entry, competitive pressure and price elasticity that also impact the economic growth of the village. Other areas that affect the village’s economy include governmental roles and international trade. Two Characteristics of the Four Market Structures The major market structures that impact our current economy are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Perfect Competition includes many sellers, many buyers, homogenous product, free entry to/exit fromRead MoreStrategy Management983 Words   |  4 Pagesrespond to changes more effectively. Five forces analysis model is to analysis the strategy of competition, can analysis customer competition environment effectively, In addition, this assignment will use Ansoff’s matrix to analysis the strategic options of CRH plc. 1.3 advantage, disadvantage and limitation of model Pettigrew, Thomas and Whittington (2001) argue that strategic management that involves usage of analytical models is constrained by its inherent weaknesses and the changing context

Martin Malcolm A Dream Or A Nightmare - 951 Words

â€Å"Martin Malcolm America Peace† If one man never steps forward to show all the others that change is possible, nothing will ever change. When you look back at history of the American civil rights movement, Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. are still often two of the first names even someone of today’s society may think of. They were, and still are, some of the most influential men to ever live. As young African-American men living during a time of harsh global, but most importantly, national racism and prejudice; teaching effective techniques to achieve peace and equality to others was extremely difficult for Dr. King and Malcolm X. James H. Cone elaborates on his beliefs and understanding of what makes these two men different and why he believes what makes them different from each other, in his book, â€Å"Martin Malcolm America: A Dream or A Nightmare†. Cone explains that through their personal backgrounds and religious beliefs, Martin and Malcolm X differed the most. Martin grew up in a stable home with a family that loved and cared for him and was financially secure throughout his childhood. He was protected from racism and was well-educated, which explains his non-violent protest and goal to work with whites of America to improve the lives of all Americans. Unlike Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm grew up in a broken family and wasn’t very well educated like his counterpart. He was not as fortunate as Martin to grow up financially secure and racismShow MoreRelatedReview of James H. Cones Martin Malcolm America: A Dream or A Nightmare1310 Words   |  6 PagesReview of James H. Cones Martin Malcolm America: A Dream or A Nightmare Martin Malcolm America: A Dream or a Nightmare written by James H. Cone is a book that takes an in depth look at Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, their ties to each other and what they meant to American society. Before the reader can understand why Martin and Malcolm developed such varying views on civil rights, he first discusses the details of the social and economic lifestyles that each Read MoreMartin Luther King and Malcolm X1715 Words   |  7 Pagesmen automatically come to their minds, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. While both these men had very different views and ideas, they also shared similarities. Part of the reason for their different views was because one was in the South and the other was in the North. Martin saw a Dream that could be fulfilled in the South and Malcolm saw a Nightmare, which would never end in the North. Martin and Malcolm were raised in very different homes. Martin Luther King Jr. grew up in Atlanta;Read More Martin Luther King and Malcom X Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesmen automatically come to their minds, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. While both these men had very different views and ideas, they also shared similarities. Part of the reason for their different views was because one was in the South and the other was in the North. Martin saw a Dream that could be fulfilled in the South and Malcolm saw a Nightmare, which would never end in the North. Martin and Malcolm were raised in very different homes. Martin Luther King Jr. grew up in Atlanta;Read MoreEssay on A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X1414 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King and Malcolm X: Different Men With the Same Goal      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X are still highly controversial African-American leaders.   Martin, a Christian integrationist, and Malcolm, a Muslim nationalist have been a powerful force against racial injustice.   Each man sacrificed his life for the freedom of his people; however, Martin and Malcolm had taken very different approaches in achieving equality and identity for African-Americans in the land of theirRead More Malcolm X Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pages A Dream Or A Nightmare nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å" No, I’m not an American. I’m one of the 22 million people who are victims of Americanism, one if the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy. So, I’m not standing here speaking to you as an American, or a patriot, or flag-saluter, or a flag waver. No, not I. I am speaking to you as a victim of the American system. And I see America through the eyes of a victim. I don’t see any American dream. I see an American nightmare! nbsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X997 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X both fought for the same goal, but had different ways of achieving this goal. They both fought against civil rights and were leaders in the civil rights movement. The way they were brought up is a good explanation for their differences; King was brought up in a wealthy family, while X was raised in the ghetto to a poor family. Both fought against unfair laws, Social Discrimination, and Racial segregation, but theyRead More Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  African Americans are fortunate to have leaders who fought for a difference in Black America. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X are two powerful men in particular who brought hope to blacks in the United States. Both preached the same message about Blacks having power and strength in the midst of all the hatred that surrounded them. Even though they shared the same dream of equality for their people, the tactics they implied to make these dreamsRead MoreMartin Luther King Vs Malcolm X1436 Words   |  6 PagesSelene Sandoval Professor Solheim History 108 CRN # 20244 16 October 2016 Martin Luther King VS Malcolm X Ronald Regan once said: â€Å"Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn t pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same.† In fact, American history has had a great deal of leaders that brought change by improving the lives of others. These leaders introduced new ideas, models, and theories toRead MoreMalcolm X : War Between Race1461 Words   |  6 PagesMartha Ancajas Hist 17b Fall 16 Dr. Martinez Nov. 15, 2016 Malcolm X: War between Race Malcolm X, born on March 25, 2016 in Omaha, Nebraska, is a prominent figure for the African-American in the United States during the Civil Rights Movement. His experience as an ghettoed African-American youth has exceptionally brought hope to the African-American community even in the midst of hatred and oppression in a white privileged society. Malcolm’s exceptional leadership was the roots of his underlying experienceRead MoreCompare the Philosophies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X976 Words   |  4 PagesCompare the philosophies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. how their goals for the African American community similar and/or different? How their strategies for reaching those goals similar and/or different? During the past century there were two influential people Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X who grappled with the problem of inequality between black and white people. They both wanted to bring hope to blacks in the US through their powerful, hard-hitting

The Cellist of Sarajevo Free Essays

The Cellist of Sarajevo A. Predict Look at the photo above and the title of the unit. What do you think this unit will be about? Write down your thoughts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cellist of Sarajevo or any similar topic only for you Order Now By representing the image of a man playing the cello, I wanna think that this unit talk about music, a topic that personally I like to talk. B. Share Information 1. What kind of music do you enjoy? Jazz? Rock ‘n’ roll? Classical? Hip-hop? I like listened hip- hop, reggaeton, rock in spanish and electro because i think have beat and are easy to dance. 2. What creative things do you like to do? Play a musical instrument? Paint? Write? Dance? Design or Decorate? Sew? Something else? Sometimes I like to write letters or poems for people who are important to me. 3. Do you enjoy going to the movies, theater, concerts, museums? Yeah I like going to the movies, especially when it comes to one of my favorite movies. also enjoy going to the concert because you feel the vibration of music all over your body, and why not to mention the museum, is the most important way of looking at art. C Background and vocabulary. The boldfaced words are in Reading One. Before you read the passage below, read the words and study their meanings. 1. Cherished 2. Exuberant 3. Solitary 4. Unassuming 5. Repertoire 6. Soothe 7. Furor 8. Defy 9. Carnage 10. Anticipation 11. haunting 2 Focus on reading Reading One: The Cellist of Sarajevo. Read the quotation from Georges Braque and answer the question. Then read Paul Sullivan’s article and keep Braque’s statement in mind as you read. 12. I think what you have to become the wound itself to find the light that both seek. Read for main ideas. Work with a partner. Read the statements and decide which three represent the main ideas of Reading One. Discuss the reasons for your choices. 1. Involving yourself in what you do best will always help you to emerge victorious from the most difficult situations. . Music can give people the strength they need to soothe both physical and emotional pain. 3. Art creates a community of people. These ideas are related to the reading because summarizes what the author means in history of the cellist of Sarajevo. Read for details. Work with a partner. Number the eight episodes in the â€Å"The Cellist of Sa rajevo† in the order in which they take place. 3 Yo-Yo MA plays a cello concert of David Wilde? s work at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester, England. 1 Vedran Smailovic plays the cello with the Sarajevo Opera in the 1980s. The author plays the piano in a nursing home 5 David Wilde reads an article about Smailovic playing the cello in the midst of bombs; Wilde writes a cello composition in Sarajevo. 6 Smailovic plays the cello in the streets of Sarajevo. 2 The author is invited to perform at the international Cello Festival in Manchester, England. 4 On May 27, 1992, A Breadline in Sarajevo is shelled. 7 Smailovic embraces Yo-Yo Ma in the concert hall. MAKE INFERENCES 1. Because it was in memory of the carnage, the music was the best he could do at that time. 2. Because he wanted to express brotherhood with Vedran. 3. Because Yo-Yo Mo looked out across the audience and stretched out his hand and then Smailovic rose from his seat. 4. Because everyone in the hall erupted in chaotic, emotional frenzy. They were exhuberant. 5. They are dressed formally. 6. The music help us to express our feelings and soothe. EXPRESS OPINIONS 1. In my opinion Vedran was brave and prudent because in that time he resolved to do the thing he did best: music. 2. Yes, it is. Yes they do, because they mean that everyone know music and enjoy it, the music reflect our feelings even we? re sad or angry. 3. Yes, I think they do, because they are also humans. How to cite The Cellist of Sarajevo, Essay examples

Paradise free essay sample

Paradise; The feeling of salt on my skin and the smell of it in the warm, summer air arouse senses. I am surrounded by a dark bluish-green abyss. The feeling of the warm sun on my tan skin is comparable to no other. The water and the air, the hills and the coast, I am surround by natural beauty. It bewilders me how someone could live on this island and never see the beautiful view I see almost every day of my summer. I find my little slice of heaven on earth in the shadow of the greatest city on earth. Living on Long Island I spend about 5 months hibernating, trying to survive the winter. Throughout the winter it, is what keeps me motivated. I put myself back in summer, I watch the rainbow colors of the day fade over the Long Island Sound and try to forget that there is currently two feet of snow outside my door. We will write a custom essay sample on Paradise or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am not a big fan of the cold, but spending my summers out on my boat in Cold Spring Harbor is truly worth the wait. I have been on boats since I was little. When I was young I was afraid of the ocean, dark and mysterious. Fear of not knowing what was below both scared and intrigued me. As time when on I grew to accept the uncertainties of the opaque New York water. From May to October I spend all my free time on my boat. Turning the key and hearing the engines roar to life is exhilarating every time. When I am turning the cool metal steering wheel, with the salty ocean breeze in my hair and looking out on to the Sound, I am exactly where I want to be. I am unconstrained by the geometric shapes of buildings and streets, completely free. The ocean all around is peaceful and beautiful. It is a picture of serenity. My boat is my space to be me. Here is where I relax, hang out with friends, spend time with my family, escape the pressures of life, and sincerely appreciate nature. It also requires a lot of hard work. Scrubbing, washing, wiping, and all other types of cleaning are required. Although cle aning is not my favorite thing to do I don’t even mind because I know the hours of time spent cleaning will pay off. On my boat I am the captain. In charge of everything, all responsibility falls on me. Any day that everyone has fun and comes home safely is a successful one. It has taught me to be both mature and responsible. Even the people who work at my marina say I am there more than anyone else. It is a strange passion for a seventeen year old girl, but I am captivated by the ocean. Under the bright blue sky floating in the ocean is where my true home is. Free from the constraints of society, it is here where I find freedom from my everyday life. The ocean is beautiful yet powerful, cyclical yet sometimes unpredictable. Like the ocean I too know where I am going. Even when the unpredictable strays my from my path, I always find my way back.

Legalization Essays - Drug Policy Reform, , Term Papers

Legalization Legalization of marijuana has been a controversial issue in the U.S. for the past several years. The people vs. the federal government is just one of the main debates over legalization. In the past marijuana was required to be grown on most plantations in the southern region. It could be purchased in one ounce packages for only twenty five cents. Further down the time line we find that marijuana is increasingly being used in the inner cities and suburban areas. Marijuana was considers legal in the late 1800's but a bill was passed and marijuana was quickly considered to be illegal. The federal legislation prohibiting marijuana passed at the end of 1937 congressional session was virtually scare enacted. people feared the effects of it and wanted to stop the growth and importation of it. Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act, which requires all persons who import, manufacture, produce, compound, sell, deal in, and dispense pay a graduated occupational tax. This tax was an attempt to make it harder for dealers of marijuana to make money off the export and import of marijuana. Attempts that he government has made to pass bills that decriminalize marijuana were shot down by legislature and the federal government. A survey taken says that although illegality should be maintained, the penalties for it should be lessened. There is a theory that marijuana stimulates violence, yet it has not been proven as a fact. In several states, such as New Jersey, the marijuana regulations and penalties have been lessened. Governor Cahill, from New Jersey, recommended that criminal penalties for a small 2 possession of marijuana should be reduced by making it a disorderly person offense. Dr. Tod Mikuriya, from the Indian Hemp drug commission, proposed a list of regulations for the control of marijuana if it were to become legal. It stated that possession without intent to sell shall not be considered to be a crime, all growers importers shall be regulated and watched over like a typical industry, public places where marijuana is sold for on premises use shall be licensed like any alcohol serving bar, and determination of the THC potency and purity shall be regulated by the U.S. Drug and Food Administration. Attempts to legalize have also been made by presidential issued commissions. A commission issued by president Nixon researched marijuana and reached a conclusion that it would be okay to decriminalize marijuana. This, was of course, quickly shot down by the president and the congress. Jimmy Carter, another president of the United States, also wanted to legals marijuana. In the present day there are groups such as, NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws) , that issue petitions and bills to the DEA and federal government that try to persuade the legalization of marijuana. NORML compared marijuana to alcohol and reached a conclusion that alcohol is more lethal than marijuana. Their studies have shown that prolonged use of marijuana causes lack of ingenuity severe bronchitis, and it lessens reaction speed. Alcohol has been named for hundreds of thousands of death in the United States. It causes liver disease, a severe mental and physical dependance, and depression. Marijuana is only 3 psychologically addictive and use of it can be stopped easier than alcohol abuse. Also no deaths have ever been recorded that were accused by the use of marijuana. Marijuana is considered to be a Scheduled I controlled substance. that means that it is considered to be a drug that can be easily abused. NORML has made attempts to get the DEA to reschedule marijuana, but they were rejected. If the opinions of major contributors to the illegal view of marijuana could be changed, marijuana might be legalized. Too many studies and too many federal officials tell us that it is wrong for our country to condone a so called life threatening drug. Legalization of marijuana could bring extra income to the country and also help in the decline of alcohol abusers. If legalization was to happen the united states would only prosper. Reefer Madness Atlantic Monthly; August 1994. Eric Schlosses; p. 45-63 Marijuana Crime and Delinquency Literature; June 1970. Linda Whitlock; p.363-382 Pot Law Experience The Washington Star; May 6, 1975 Lee Johnson; p.A1-A10 Marijuana Alert Peggy Man Copyright: 1985 p.261, 101, 444 International Drug Traffic Edward F. Dolan, Jr. Copyright 1985 p. 85-86

The Cheapest and the Most Expensive Christmas Gifts Made By Students

The Cheapest and the Most Expensive Christmas Gifts Made By Students Though the date of Christmas is not moveable and no one keeps it in secret, people still don’t buy gifts preemptively, at least, not all of them. We have gathered ideas for Christmas gifts on different budgets in the hope that these ideas will inspire you. The Cheapest 10 Scores for Wittiness photo:reddit.com If you with your friends established Secret Santa budget that doesn’t fit your budget, here’s a way how to go through this. However, you shouldn’t have much expectations about a Christmas gift you’ll get next year. 2 in 1 photo:reddit.com Looks like this guy is a future politician. He promises not to make worse and this works. This is a very cheap present but you can jeopardize your heritage. A Box Is a Present Itself, Didn’t You Know? photo:reddit.com Boxes, wrapping paper and ribbons cost waaaay too much. It’s a good present because the person can use those boxes and paper for his or her gifts. Besides, you can make it for free if you have been collecting all the boxes and wrapping papers for years. The Alternative for a Box of Chocolate photo:reddit.com An adorable gift for a teacher even though the language should have been more appropriate. To make such a gift, you’ll need $20 for materials and a couple of sleepless nights. Experiments With Clothes What Animal Do You Associate You With? photo:reddit.com T-shirts that you can wear alternative ways are awesome. This is a nice present for your friend that by the was is not expensive. The World Should Know Your Friend Better photo:reddit.com Making fun of your friends is one of the ways to say how much you love them. I think the author of this present thought this way. Now, he should be prepared for the revenge that can come any time. You Are Limited Only By Your ImaginationAnd Drawing Skills photo:reddit.com Even Homer is shocked how nice this guy managed to paint shoes. However, this is not about the Simpsons. This about making not expensive gifts appear more valuable. How Far Can They Go? photo:reddit.com The only T-shirt with the picture of the man wearing it that doesn’t look pathetic. Exes Also Want Presents photo:reddit.com Before unrevealing, that was supposed to be a sweater for a boyfriend. And now it’s a present for an ex. The only condition to make this present is to hate someone enough to waste your time and effort. How Many Pokemons Have You Caught? photo:reddit.com If you worry that a fish won’t survive at your friend’s place, you can place pokemons in a fish bowl instead. Steam Emergency photo:reddit.com This is the case when the package is better and more creative than the present itself. The Most Expensive What Is Your Favorite Movie? photo:reddit.com Don’t look for â€Å"Where’s ham? movie. It’s fake. The author of this present made up fake covers for X-rated movies so that parents of his buddy won’t find out. Making such present is time-consuming and can be expensive for student budget. This Calendar Can Make Your Day photo:reddit.com For such calendar, you might need some stuff. I doubt if each student has a banana costume. Also, this guy had to use PS to fulfill his ideas. The Only Shiba Inu That Can Make You Rich photo:reddit.com Dogecoins can cost a fortune in a couple of years. Think one more time before giving them as a present. Perhaps the Most Expensive Gift Here photo:reddit.com Who could get such an expensive gift? Of course, it’s mom. Such gift would cost you a fortune or $5000 but mom’s hug is priceless, isn’t it? No, the Previous One Wasn’t the Most Expensive photo:reddit.com This is the present of the year, isn’t it? The way to get it is simple, the only thing you need to do is to create a time machine, go back to 2011 and buy it. I hope that some ideas will help you to create your own presents. If you need even more inspiration, check out more Christmas gifts ideas for college students. When selecting or making gifts, remember that more important is your emotions and words that you say, not the gift itdself. Good luck and have a nice holiday!

Response 29 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response 29 - Essay Example This was a fascinating yet a weird thought since, â€Å"how would that relate to the child’s emotional and intellectual development?† (Cranny-Francis 163). I have a penchant for kids, and still also cultivating my pathway to be a school psychologist, which makes me cringe at the thought of such an idea since it sparks disillusioned outcomes of the development of technology. This is because babies require the motherly tender touch for them to develop a streak for social interrelations as well as other essential behavioral traits. The upsurge of such a technological set-up would be tantamount to prioritizing technology than the relations with our close people such as family, friends and acquaintances. Nonetheless, the article, â€Å"Enhancement Technologies and the Body,† by Hogle cites some affirmative prospects about the technological enhancement of body parts. The article asks, â€Å"What might enhancement mean in a poor society where an artificial limb specially designed for working in rice fields or a bicycle designed to provide mobility means the difference in a person’s ability to make a living?† (Hogle 701). The example of technological development given is an archetype of the obscurity about the outcomes of the steady progress of

Dietary Education Program for Patients at High Risk of Coronary Heart Dissertation

Dietary Education Program for Patients at High Risk of Coronary Heart Disease - Dissertation Example Conclusion and Recommendations P. 47 – P. 50 10. References P. 51 – P. 55 11. Bibliography P. 56 12. Appendices P. 65-83 Tables Table 1 Boolean Table P. 22-23 Table 2 Search Terms Acknowledgement My sincere thanks to people who have helped in the formulation of this paper, from the initial typing of the draft to the editing and correction my heart is filled with thanks. To my supervisor who painstakingly made corrections and suggestions, and to my classmates who also provided inspiration and suggestions, my personal appreciation and thanks. Without you, I wouldn’t be able to fulfil my academic obligations. Abstract Coronary heart disease is a common sickness and a major killer among industrialized countries of the world, Hong Kong not excluded. While we are considered advanced in many areas, in technology, the sciences and in medicine, we have forgotten how to deal with sickness and the common risk factors that kill our people. This is due primarily to our contin uing lifestyles of inactivity and continuous energy intake without regard for the kind of food we take. There are many suggestions contained in the literature on how to reduce CHD risk factors and deaths but the best suggestion so far is education. Through education available for patients and people at high risk of cardiovascular disease and CHD, we can reduce the risk factors and mortality of the disease. The aim of this study is to provide a dietary education approach for long term treatment of people at risk of CHD. Our conclusions and recommendations provided this approach and this is a combination of several strategies. The strategies include a community based education programme for patients and persons at high risk. The program should use the Mediterranean diet, or a pattern of fish, fish oil, olive oil, fruits and vegetables, which has to be combined with physical exercise. Other programmes include the INFO, PEP, FIT, which recommends healthy habits and physical exercise. Th e method used was review of the literature. The critique provided was a comprehensive study that applied various dimensions to include theoretical aspects, ethical issues, including the methodologic concepts, interpretations and presentation methods. The themes are all about dietary education to reduce the risk factors for CHD and to prevent myocardial infarction or cardiac event. In the reviews, we found the themes to be the focus for discussion and the influence of the body of the literature. Changes in major risk factors have positive effects in CHD mortality rates. Common risk factors are almost similar in many studies, such as blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, obesity and diabetes. A study in Hong Kong concluded that for the period 1989 to 2001, CHD mortality was reduced by 78% due to improvements in treatment and education/information provided to patients and families. Compared to CHD mortality rates in western countries, Hong Kong’s was very low. Treatment, educati on and control of risk factors were attributable to reduction in CHD mortality rates. Chapter 1 Introduction Hospital Authority’s plan of action for the next five years addresses the issue of enhancing quality health care and patient-community relationship, along with adequate resources in meeting healthcare needs. The strategic planning process was led by the Hospital Authority Board and participated in by 750 stakeholders composed of patient groups, representatives, clinicians and heads of agencies. The Strategic Plan introduced a framework for healthcare workers and professionals

Differences between China and the US Management Essay

Differences between China and the US Management - Essay Example Question 1 The main characteristics of Chinese culture One of the major characteristics of Chinese culture is their emphasis in personal relationships in interactions. The Chinese are particularly keen in developing personal relationships before establishment of business relations. As a result, they normally engage in personal interactions in which people can bond and know each other before developing business relations. Chinese also believes in formal relationships in interactions. Based on social classes or positions, they appreciate acknowledgements of their social status in interactions. These features also define the Chinese lack of capacity to respond to urgencies. Besides reliance on the interpersonal relationship that needs to be enveloped before Chinese can respond to a need in negotiation, they heavily rely on past performance and potential of a party. This means that developing an initial venture with a Chinese team takes time, as the Chinese are keen in understanding a pa rty’s past prospects. Similarly, the Chinese takes time to review and understand a party’s potential and prospects (China, n.d., p. 1). Chinese culture also involves materialistic appreciations that are intended to be reciprocated. Since they are perceived as a duty, failure to make appreciations or a move to decline a gift from a Chinese is contrary to traditions and may easily raise suspicion into conflicts. Chinese culture also tends to shy away from conflicts. (China, n.d., p. 1). Rgraf further explains the importance of reputation in Chinese culture. Putting a person’s reputation at stake through initiatives such as failing to observe social status and positions therefore negatively affects interactions in the Chinese culture (Rfrag, 2012, p. 1). The Chinese are also conservatives and authoritarian. (Pablos and Lytras, 2

Planning and design phase

Planning and design phase CHOICE OF PROJECT MANAGER AND TEAM MEMBERS The initial phase of the Sodor project involved the formation of the project team and the nomination of the project manager. Group 12 is made up of 4 Nigerians and 1 Vietnamese which reflects a multicultural team with each nationality possessing peculiar personality traits. The objective of the first meeting was to nominate a Project Manager and to define and agree on ground rules for project team meetings. To ensure equal participation of all team members, it was agreed that the rotational project manager system will be adopted whereby each individual in the group would serve as the project manager for 1 week each throughout the 5 week duration of the Sodor project. It was agreed that meetings will be scheduled 3 times a week by the project manager lasting no more than 2 hours each. At each meeting, specific tasks is assigned to each team member to be submitted at the next meeting day. CONTRACTOR SELECTION CRITERIA The contractor selection criteria adopted by the team is the Trade-off technique. This technique uses a scoring system to quantify specific attributes of the various contractors and provides a numerical output, the highest of which represents the best contractor choice. The use of this technique provided the best possible contractors to manage the various stages of this project. MANAGING CONFLICTS Some of the conflicts experienced by the Group 12 team in the management of the Sodor oil terminal include: Team members attitudes: Some of the team members lack motivation and commitment to participate in the project team. This is manifested as absences from team meetings, late comings to team meetings, and lack of verbal contribution to team discussions. This issue was addressed by the project manager in charge who spoke with the team members concerned. Choice of Contractors: The proposal to use Trade-Off for contractor selection was initially resisted by some team members who where in favour of using a more subjective technique. It was finally accepted after an appraisal of the objectiveness of Trade-off was done by the proponent. CONSTRUCTION CHANGE CONTROL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All changes which include Contractor changes, Scope, Cost, and schedule changes proposed by the project sponsor passed through a Change management process which begins with a brainstorming session by the project team on the costs and benefits of adopting the change. The changes agreed on by the project team is then reflected on the Gantt chart. Due to the choice of contractor selection technique, the changes proposed by the project sponsor during the project lifecycle had a minimal impact on the actual cost and schedule. CLOSE OUT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The close out process involved a review of the final Sodor terminal project plan to confirm scope, cost and schedule deadlines have been met. The lesson learned document was then prepared which showed the various conflicts that occurred throughout the project and how they where managed by the team in order to provide lessons for the future. The final project plan was then presented to the project sponsor and the Group 12 team was deformed by the project manager. INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teamwork has been found to be an essential ingredient responsible for the success or failure of projects. The effective use and management of teams for projects has been noted to be a key determinant for how successful a project will be; however, the effectiveness of a team depends on the ability of the team members to interact appropriately with one another to produce a common output. DEFINITION Hoegl(2004) defined teams as a social interaction between two or more people within an organization who share a common task. Teams have also been described as a group of people who hold themselves mutually accountable to each other and who work together to achieve a common purpose(Scholtes et al,2003). The above definitions take into account the fact that for a team to exist, certain basic ingredients need to be in place which include; mutual accountability, constancy of purpose, and a shared responsibility for success or failure. The benefits of teamwork in project management cannot be overemphasized. Teams help in the mobilization of diverse resources to a project as compared to that achieved by a single individual. Church(1998) also noted that teams provide the flexibility to use the mobilized resources thus helping to continue with the project in the event of a particular individual being indisposed. Perhaps the greatest value of teams in managing projects rests with the ability of teams to provide a synergy of the efforts of the individual team members whereby the results achieved is greater than the arithmetic sum of the contributions of the individual members to the team. FACTORS THAT AFFECT TEAM EFFECTIVENESS Team size and choice of members: Hackman(1987) suggested that there is no ideal team size for a project. Furthermore, the team size chosen is dependent on the scope of the project. In contrast, Hoegl(2003) proposed that ideally a project should be reduced to a level where the work package can be managed by a team of between 3-6 people. This helps to avoid the confusion that may arise from Too many Cooks spoiling the broth. The choice of team members also plays a role in determining team success. Trent(2003) proposed that the membership of a project team should be made up of people with the right skills and competencies to tackle the particular task at hand. A set of objective criteria should be used in choosing the members of a project team. Team leadership: Trent(1996) suggested a direct relationship between leadership effectiveness and team effectiveness. The results that a team produces depends largely on the calibre of the leadership. Teams that lack a strong and effective leadership are more likely to fail(Zenger et al,1994). The effectiveness of a leader depends on the possession of skills, experience, and the will to assume responsibility for the team performance. Resource availability: The availability of resources plays a major role in the ability of a team to produce results. Peters and OConnors(1980) postulated that the availability of specific resources can either promote or interfere with a team effectiveness. The resources needed by a team to be effective varies depending on the project scope. It may include financial, Human, and Environmental resources. Establishment of clear goals: Zander(1980) postulated that teams with clear and measurable goals perform better than teams with fuzzy goals. This is as a result of the use of clear goals by teams as a baseline through which team results can be measured. Furthermore, the use of clear and concise goals also helps the team in planning for what they can achieve within a particular timeframe. Reward and Recognition: The relationship between appropriate reward structures and team effectiveness cannot be overemphasized(Bullock and Lawler,1984). Developing a reward system that focuses on the entire team rather than individuals help in improving team motivation and hence its effectiveness. It is a fact that people are motivated to achieve results if they feel that the results provide value to the organization and this value is acknowledged by the organization. SODOR OIL TERMINAL PLANNING AND DESIGN   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The need to have a plan for the management of the Sodor oil terminal cannot be overemphasized. Grachev et al(2006) using 3M corporation as a case study proposed that a key benefit of planning upfront for a project is the creation of well defined project goals. The goals help to give direction to a teams project. Other benefits of planning include; it helps the team members in the coordination of individual tasks by providing clearly stated assignments. Furthermore, the project plan also enables the team to have an overview of the project schedule, costs and constraints which the team can then use as a baseline to measure actual project progress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The planning and design of the Sodor oil terminal started with the identification of the Cost, Schedule and Scope goals from the data derived from the Project Sponsor. These goals where then integrated into a sequential structure by the use of the MS Project ® to produce the Sodor oil terminal preliminary Gantt chart. Multiple adjustments to scope, cost, and schedule data was proposed by the project sponsor which resulted in iterative changes to the project plan leading to changes in the project cost and time of completion. The final Sodor oil terminal plan is a comprehensive document showing the actual budget, time of completion, scope of the project, and the approved contractors selected for the project. Christina(2009) proposed that key factors that affect team success at the planning and design phase include; Well-Defined Goals: The definition of clear project deliverables has been shown to improve the success rate of project teams. Pinto and Slevin(1988) proposed that clearly defined and structured goals is a significant factor that determines the effectiveness of teams and hence the success rate of projects. The goals of the Group 12 team where clearly stated and well defined at the onset of the project which was to deliver a project plan within 98 weeks at no more than the stated project budget provided by the project sponsor. Management Support: Pinto and Slevin(1988) suggested that the support upper management gives a team helps in facilitating team success. This occurs by facilitating the release of resources to the project team hence ensuring their efficiency and helping to remove administrative bottle necks. Group 12 received the support of the project sponsor in the designing of the sodor plan especially with respect to weekly review meetings to assess the current status of the project plan and proffer ways to bring the plan back on track. Cross-Cultural teams: The importance of having multiple individuals from different cultures in a team has been proposed to impact positively on team results(Earley and Mosakowski,2000). Ochieng and Price(2009) also suggested that the effective use of proper communication techniques to handle cultural differences in a team helps in promoting project success. Multiple cultures in a team brings together people with different skills, competencies, and personal attributes dedicated to a common purpose. The multicultural environment of Group 12 provided a pool of diverse ideas derived via brainstorming from which the best possible solution was agreed on and translated into the Sodor project plan. Team experience and continuity: Pinto and Slevin(1988) suggested that the inclusion of individuals with specific project experience into a team helps in promoting its success. This is because this individuals already have a knowledge of the critical factors needed to ensure the success of the particular project from the lessons learned from past projects managed by them. Scott-Young(2009) suggested that the stability of a team throughout the project lifecycle helps in ensuring team success. Stable teams have been shown to maintain the consistency of ideas generation and are not susceptible to the distraction that tends to occur from a team member joining or leaving the team(Akgun and Lynn,2000). The use of team members with a wide range of experience managing projects like healthcare, education, and engineering played a key role in the results of Group 12. This is due to the diverse nature of the knowledge pool available for planning the project. The stability of the Group 12 team th roughout the project lifecycle also played a key role in the design of the sodor project plan. CONSTRUCTION AND CLOSEOUT Handling Conflicts: The absence of conflicts in a team has been proposed to be a pointer to the failure of the team(Saj-Nicole and Damon). The presence of conflicts and how the conflicts are managed indicates how successful the project team will be. The nature of the conflicts i.e. conflicts relevant to the project scope, serves to provoke a generation of ideas from the project team on the best way to manage the crises. Several conflicts arose during the management of Group 12; an example will be the, Who to choose as the project manager? The way it was managed was to have a face to face meeting with the project team, everybody laying their individual ideas on the table, then arriving at a decision mutually beneficial to everyone which is to have a rotational project manager system with each member of the project team ‘having a taste of the pie of being the project manager for 1 week each. This solution helped during the construction phase of the plan because all the team membe rs felt a sense of belonging and making a positive contribution to the team. Leadership: The proposal by Akgun and Lynn(2000) on the positive benefits of leadership continuity to the project team success is largely not applicable to the Group 12 project team. This is because the use of a single leader throughout the project lifecycle will have led to the presence of domineering tendencies being shown by the individual chosen which may affect certain decisions made during the formulation of the construction plan. It will also have led to project team members being made to feel they are not a part of the team. Hence in a bid to avoid this scenario, the rotational project manager system was proposed and adopted. Lessons-learned documentation: The preparation of the lessons learned document is an essential part of the project team closure phase(PMI,2008). The lessons learned document captures the lessons learned at various milestones in the planning of the project. The final meeting of the Group 12 team was a brainstorming session to identify various challenges we had during the creation of the Sodor project plan and how the challenges where managed. CONCLUSION This paper details how the Group 12 team managed the Sodor project from design to the closeout phase. It explains in detail the various factors responsible for the success of the team in arriving at the final project plan; and also the various challenges Group 12 team had and how those challenges where managed to produce positive results. The paper sheds light on the key factors that affect various stages of the project and how they where harnessed and utilized positively by the Group 12 team. REFERENCES Scholtes, P.R. Joiner, B.L. Streibel, B.J(2003) The team handbook.3rd Edition, Oriel Incorporated, USA. PMI(2008) A Guide to the Project management body of knowledge. 4th Edition, PMI, Newton square, USA. Hoegl, M(2004) ‘Smaller teams-better teamwork: How to keep project teams small. Business horizons, Vol.48, Nos.3, pp.209-214. Church, A.H(1998) ‘From both sides now: the power of teamwork-fact or fiction?. Team performance management, Vol.4, Nos.2, pp.42-52. Hackman, J.R(1987) ‘The design of work teams. In: Lorsch, J.W(1987) Handbook of organizational behaviour, Prentise-hall, USA, pp.315-342. Trent, R.J(2003) ‘Planning to use of work teams effectively. Team performance management: An international journal. Vol.9, Nos.3, pp.50-58. Zenger, J. Musselwhite, E. Hinson, K. Perrin, C(1994) Leading teams:mastering the new role. Irwin, Homewood, USA, pp.14-15. Trent, R.J(1996) ‘Understanding and evaluating cross-functional sourcing team leadership. International journal of purchasing and materials management. Vol.42, Nos.2, pp.29-39. Peters, L.H and OConnors,E.J(1980) ‘Situational constraints and work outcomes: the influences of a frequently overlooked construct. Academy of management review, Vol.5, Nos.3, pp.391-397. Zander, A.F(1980) ‘The origins and consequences of group goals. Retrospections on social psychology. Oxford university press, New York, USA. Bullock, R.J and Lawler, E.E(1984) ‘Gainsharing: a few questions and fewer answers. Human resources management. Vol.23, Nos.1, pp.23-40. Grachev, M.V. Rogovsky, N.G. Bobina, M.A(2006) ‘3M: Role model for emerging markets? Thunderbird International Business review, Vol.48, Nos.6, pp.803-821. Iles, P and Hayers, P.K(1997) ‘Managing diversity in transnational project teams. Journal of managerial psychology. Vol.12, Nos.2, pp.95-117. Pinto, J.K and Slevin, D.P(1988) ‘Critical success factors across the project lifecycle. Project management journal. Vol.19, Nos.3, pp.67-75. Cohen, S.G and Bailey, D(1997) ‘What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shopfloor to the executive suite. Journal of management. Vol.23, Nos.3, pp.239-290. Scott-Young,C(2009) ‘Team management for fast projects: an empirical study of process industries. International journal of operations and production management. Vol.29, Nos.6, pp.612-635. Akgun, A.E and Lynn, G.S(2002) ‘Antecedents and consequences of team stability on NPD performance. Journal of technology management, Vol.19, pp.263-286. Earley, P.C and Mosakowski, E(2000) ‘Creating hybrid team cultures: and empirical test of transnational team functioning. Academy of management journal. Vol.43, Nos.1, pp.26-49. Ochieng, E.G and Price, A.D.F(2009) ‘Managing cross-cultural communication in multicultural construction project teams: the case of Kenya and UK. International journal of project management. Vol.10, pp.101-106. Saj-Nicole, A.J and Damon, B(2009) ‘How to pick a good fight. Harvard business review. Vol.87, Nos.12, pp.48-57. Christina, S(2009) ‘Team management for fast projects: an empirical study of process industries. International Journal of operations and production management, Vol.29, Nos.6, pp.612-635.

E-Commerce and the New Economy Essay -- Internet Online Communication

E-Commerce and the New Economy The web has transformed our global economy. It is a powerful tool that has changed the way we produce, market and distribute goods and services. Finances and culture have been altered. New styles of commerce have developed. For example, a business call placed in North America could be handled by a technical expert in Asia as business is conducted internationally as well as transnationally. The purpose of this essay is to examine the issues, challenges and opportunities related to commerce in the â€Å"new economy†. The internet became popular in 1995. It creates many opportunities in different kind of industries. Ecommerce is one of the successful examples of buying and selling on the web. It is like a cocoon, which became mature in these recent years. Low start-up costs make online businesses attractive to new entrepreneurs. Establishing their businesses online can eliminate store rental expenses; they don’t have to hire anybody to take care of it (Charles Steinfield). They can upload some pictures and descriptions of their products online. This allows their customers to see what they are buying. Moreover, customers can search for their needs whenever they want as long as they have an access to the internet (Charles Steinfield). Because of globalization, the national boundaries are eliminated as well. Customers can make their purchase anywhere around the world. This expands target markets. Buying products online, customers can ask questions anytime when they encounter any problem or have doubts about what they are buying (Charles Steinfield). Many websites have provided online support services. Buyers can contact sellers directly and discuss their concerns. Therefore, the interaction between b... ...r shopping will be done at home on the web. This will bring society into a new economy. Bibliography 1) Donna L. Hoffman, Thomas P. Novak and Patrali Chatterjee, â€Å"Commercial Scenarios for the Web: Opportunities and Challenges† http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol1/issue3/hoffman.html Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University 2) Charles Steinfield, â€Å"An introduction to the special issue† http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol1/issue3/genintro.html Michigan State University 3) Rolf T. Wigand and Robert I. Benjamin, â€Å"Electronic Commerce: Effects on Electronic Markets† http://www.ascusc.org /jcmc/vol1/issue3/wigand.html School of information Studies, Syracuse University 4) Nonick â€Å"Buying online. Is it safe? What are the Dangers of Buying Online?† http://www.zyra.org.uk/buysafe.htm Zyra 5) Straubhaar and LaRose, â€Å"Media Now† Third Edition, Wadsworth, 2002